On the occasion of International Women's Day, we celebrate the growing influence and contributions of women worldwide. Looking back at the history of the princely state of Bhopal, it becomes evident that the female rulers of this region achieved extraordinary feats that were likely challenging for men to accomplish.
While Sardar Dost Mohammad Khan laid the foundation of the princely state of Bhopal by constructing the Fatehgarh fort, it was the Begum Nawabs who brought recognition and prosperity to the region. The rule of Begums began with Qudsia Begum and lasted for about 107 years until the reign of Nawab Sultan Jahan Begum in 1926.
Qudsia Begum, also known as Gauhar Begum, became the first female Nawab at the age of 18, following the assassination of her husband in 1819. Despite her lack of formal education, historians consider her to be ahead of her time, having fought numerous battles with her army.
According to Ashar Kidwai, a historian and professor at Saifia College, "Bhopal was such a princely state where women ruled and took the entire state forward in every way. These women not only ruled but brought Hindus and Muslims together. During their reign, both Hindus and Muslims served as ministers."
Sikandar Jahan Begum, who succeeded Qudsia Begum, faced significant challenges during her rule. However, she efficiently administered the state and played a vital role in regaining control of the Jama Masjid of Delhi from the British. She toured the entire state on horseback, mapping every village and mountain and water source.
Sikandar Jahan Begum was also a strong advocate for education and invited scholars from outside to promote it. Her efficiency in administration was such that she was able to repay the princely state's loan of 30 lakhs with ease.
The Begum Nawabs of Bhopal were a true inspiration for their contributions and achievements, which defied the prevailing gender norms of their time.